Mechanics Fundamentals
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What is Newton's first law?
An object stays at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by a net external force (inertia).
What is Newton's second law?
Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).
What is Newton's third law?
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What is velocity?
The rate of change of position, including direction (a vector).
What is acceleration?
The rate of change of velocity over time.
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Speed is how fast (magnitude only); velocity includes direction.
What is the formula for kinetic energy?
KE = (1/2)mv^2.
What is gravitational potential energy near Earth?
PE = mgh (mass times gravity times height).
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