Science
What you can do with Mathematics
Rigorous quantitative and logical training that carries into almost any field.
- Careers
- 11
- Early career
- $70,000
- Mid-career
- $100,000
- Growing fast
- 7 of 11
How these numbers work: A major does not have its own salary. Early and mid-career pay is what people who hold this degree earn at the start of their careers and midway through them. Career pay comes from the 11 careers a Mathematics degree commonly leads to, and counts everyone in those jobs, including people who have been doing them for thirty years. The two answer different questions, which is why they do not match.
51% of people with this degree go on to a graduate degree, so the higher-paying careers below usually mean more school after the bachelor's.
7 of 11 careers this degree leads to are projected to grow faster than average from 2024 to 2034. Of those, Financial Analyst has the most openings, about 25,100 a year.
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11 careers this degree leads to
Physicist
$172,250Research how matter and energy behave, powering everything from quantum computing to medical imaging.
- Middle half of workers
- $111,720 to $222,760
- Growth
- About average
- Openings a year
- 1,700
Work-life60Remote68- Theoretical Modeling
- Experimental Design
- Mathematics
- Programming
Computer and Information Research Scientist
$140,300Invent the next generation of computing: research new algorithms, architectures, and approaches that push the field forward.
- Middle half of workers
- $103,570 to $188,700
- Growth
- Much faster than average
- Openings a year
- 3,200
Work-life52Remote54- Algorithm Design
- Research Methods
- Machine Learning
- Critical Thinking
Actuary
$130,000Analyze the financial costs of risk and uncertainty using mathematics, statistics, and financial theory.
- Middle half of workers
- $97,680 to $170,650
- Growth
- Much faster than average
- Openings a year
- 2,400
Work-life78Remote80Satisfaction76- Statistical Modeling
- Risk Assessment
- Financial Mathematics
- Programming (R/Python)
Economist
$124,720Research how markets, policy, and incentives actually behave, and turn that analysis into forecasts and recommendations.
- Middle half of workers
- $89,330 to $174,720
- Growth
- Slower than average
- Openings a year
- 900
Work-life56Remote58- Econometrics
- Data Analysis
- Mathematics
- Critical Thinking
Data Scientist
$120,230Develop and implement methods to analyze large datasets to identify patterns and inform decisions.
- Middle half of workers
- $85,660 to $158,880
- Growth
- Much faster than average
- Openings a year
- 23,400
Work-life75Remote85Satisfaction80- Statistical Analysis
- Machine Learning
- Python
- Data Visualization
Biostatistician
$105,650Apply statistical theory and methods to biological, public health, and medical research to design experiments and analyze clinical trial data.
- Middle half of workers
- $82,220 to $141,490
- Growth
- Much faster than average
- Openings a year
- 2,000
Work-life75Remote78Satisfaction76- Statistical Modeling
- Clinical Trial Design
- SAS/R Programming
- Survival Analysis
Statistician
$105,650Design studies and make numbers tell the truth, applying statistical theory across science, business, and government.
- Middle half of workers
- $82,220 to $141,490
- Growth
- Much faster than average
- Openings a year
- 2,000
Work-life60Remote77- Statistical Modeling
- Study Design
- R/Python
- Mathematics
Financial Analyst
$102,740Assess the performance of stocks, bonds, and other investments to guide business decisions.
- Middle half of workers
- $79,290 to $133,340
- Growth
- Faster than average
- Openings a year
- 25,100
Work-life62Remote72Satisfaction73- Financial Modeling
- Data Analysis
- Investment Analysis
- Excel
Meteorologist (Atmospheric Scientist)
$99,070Model and forecast weather and climate, from broadcast meteorology to research and aviation support.
- Middle half of workers
- $73,350 to $129,960
- Growth
- Slower than average
- Openings a year
- 700
Work-life55Remote58- Weather Modeling
- Data Interpretation
- Forecasting
- Science
Operations Research Analyst
$88,940Use mathematical modeling and optimization to solve the hardest decisions in logistics, pricing, and planning.
- Middle half of workers
- $68,360 to $125,990
- Growth
- Much faster than average
- Openings a year
- 9,600
Work-life56Remote77- Optimization Modeling
- Mathematics
- Programming
- Critical Thinking
Middle School Teacher
$64,370Teach subject-focused classes to students in the pivotal middle grades between elementary and high school.
- Middle half of workers
- $58,530 to $80,490
- Growth
- Declining
- Openings a year
- 40,500
Work-life59Remote52- Subject Instruction
- Learning Strategies
- Classroom Management
- Active Listening
Related majors
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Where these pay figures come from
Early and mid-career pay is the median annual wage of full-time workers who hold a bachelor's degree in that major, ages 22 to 27 and ages 35 to 45, from 2024 data. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (IPUMS). Published as Outcomes by Major by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Career pay is the annual wage of everyone working in that occupation, not only recent graduates, so it includes people who have done the job for decades. The middle half is the 25th to the 75th percentile. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*NET OnLine (median and percentile annual wages May 2025; employment projections 2024-2034).
All figures are national. What you earn depends on where you work, who you work for, and how far you take the degree.